The .50 BMG, .338 Lapua, and .338 Lapua Magnum are among the most powerful cartridges used in long-range shooting. Each has unique characteristics that cater to different shooting needs, from military applications to competitive sports.
The .50 BMG was developed in 1918 for military use, primarily as an anti-aircraft round. The .338 Lapua emerged in the 1980s to bridge the gap between smaller sniper cartridges and the .50 BMG, while the .338 Lapua Magnum was designed to enhance the performance of the .338 Lapua.
| Feature | .50 BMG | .338 Lapua | .338 Lapua Magnum |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bullet Weight | 600-800 grains | 250-300 grains | 250-300 grains |
| Case Length | 3.91 inches | 2.72 inches | 2.85 inches |
| Muzzle Velocity | 2800-3000 fps | 2950-3100 fps | 3200 fps |
| Effective Range | 1500-2000 yards | 1200-1500 yards | 1800-2000 yards |
| Muzzle Energy | 13000-15000 foot-pounds | 4500 foot-pounds | 5000-6000 foot-pounds |
The .50 BMG excels in raw energy and is effective for anti-material purposes, while the .338 Lapua and .338 Lapua Magnum offer superior accuracy and manageable recoil, making them favorites for long-range shooting competitions.
While the .50 BMG is suited for large game and anti-material roles, the .338 Lapua is ideal for hunting large game like elk and moose. The .338 Lapua Magnum, with its extended range, is perfect for extreme long-range applications.
Each cartridge has its strengths and weaknesses, making them suitable for different scenarios. The choice between them depends on the specific needs of the shooter, whether for hunting, competition, or tactical use.